Abstract: In order to study the dynamic changes and extraction range of gas from surface mining wells in coal mining areas, the working face of Wu8-32030 in Pingmei No.6 Mine is taken as the research object. Based on the theory of “upper three zones” and “lower three zones” of the mining “O” circle, theoretical calculations, engineering experiments, and multivariate data fusion analysis are used to optimize the design of the well position, layer position, and wellbore configuration of the Wu8 coal seam surface mining well. The extraction effect of different well types and wellbore configurations are screened and verified, and the horizontal and vertical extraction influence range of the mining well is quantitatively evaluated. The dynamic changes of roof pressure and gas extraction purity are clarified, and the mechanism of collaborative assistance and constraint of roof collapse and periodic pressure on mining wells has also been revealed. The research results show that the extraction effect of vertical wells is better than that of directional wells, and the three opening wellbore configurations is better than the two opening wellbore configurations. The pure amount and concentration of gas extracted are both higher. The extraction curves of the ground mining well can be divided into two intervals: the extraction fluctuation zone and the extraction stability zone. The extraction fluctuation zone is controlled by the periodic pressure of the working face roof, and the extraction fluctuation zone is synchronized with the distance of the periodic pressure. The pure amount and concentration of extracted gas both show a cycle of first increasing, then decreasing, and then increasing again, while the opposite is true for the extraction stability zone. The four extraction test wells have a direct vertical impact range of 62.4 meters above the Wu8 coal seam and 17.1 meters below the floor, totaling 79.5 meters. The direct effect range of extraction on the plane is 200 m, 250 m, 240 m, 180 m, with an average of 217 m, and it will continue to increase with the mining of the working face. When mining the Wu8 coal seam, the discharge rate of the adjacent Wu9-10 coal seam to the Wu8 mining space is about 55%, and the discharge rate of the adjacent Ding coal seam to the Wu8 mining space is 0. The research results will provide reference and inspiration for surface gas extraction technology for mines with similar geological conditions in Pingmei No.6 Mine and the mining area in the western part of Pingmei