Abstract: Dust is one of the main harmful factors faced in mine production, which seriously affects the safety of enterprise production, the working environment and the health of personnel. As the last line of defense to reduce the harm of dust to workers, effective, reliable and economical personal protective equipment plays a crucial role. In order to further improve the level of mine dust prevention and control and ensure the occupational safety and health of workers, the research progress of personal protective equipment against mine dust has been systematically sorted out. Starting from the characteristics of mine dust and the environment, this paper focuses on the directions of researchers’ performance optimization of self-priming filtering dust masks, technological application innovation of powered air-purifying respirators in the mine environment, integration of intelligent protective equipment technologies, and filtering materials for personal protection. The analysis shows that there are currently some problems, such as the insufficient environmental adaptability of self-priming filtering masks; the limitations of the energy efficiency and ergonomics of powered air-purifying respirators; the technical bottleneck of multi-parameter coordinated control of intelligent protective equipment; the technical shortcoming of the durability of filtering materials; and the high cost of intelligent and powered air-purifying respirators. Based on the above analysis, the future development of personal protective equipment against mine dust should focus on the following directions: firstly, carry out multi-dimensional optimized design of environmentally adaptable equipment to improve the adaptability of protective equipment in complex mine environments; secondly, promote the lightweight and intelligent upgrading of powered air-purifying respirators to improve the energy efficiency and ergonomic performance of the equipment; thirdly, strengthen interdisciplinary innovation of intelligent respiratory protective equipment to break through the technical bottleneck of multi-parameter coordinated control; fourthly, accelerate the research and development of new filtering materials. Through in-depth exploration of the above research directions, it is expected to comprehensively improve the technical level of personal protective equipment against mine dust and provide a solid guarantee for the occupational health and safety of mine workers.