Abstract: In this paper, the vibration data of healthy bearing and gear of shearer rocker arm are collected, and the natural vibration frequency characteristics of gear are obtained. The vibration data of faulty gear and faulty bearing are collected respectively, and then the frequency characteristics in fault state are obtained. By comparing the frequency characteristics of gears and bearings in healthy state with those in fault state, the fault diagnosis can be carried out. Through vibration detection and analysis of the gear box, faults such as impurities in the oil and broken teeth can be promptly identified, providing early warning information to remind maintenance personnel to replace the lubricating oil and damaged gears, preventing greater losses or production halts, and thus ensuring the production capacity of the coal mine.