Abstract: Mine safety is one of the critical requirements in mine design, construction, and operation. Traditional mine safety practices primarily focus on geological disaster prevention and equipment operation maintenance. However, with the introduction of the “dual carbon” goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, there is an urgent need to establish a carbon accounting system to quantify carbon emissions. The rapid development of carbon accounting has brought new challenges and opportunities to mine safety. Carbon accounting not only requires equipment safety but also necessitates ensuring measurement security and information security, thereby expanding the scope and content of mine safety. Through a systematic review, comparison, and analysis of various carbon accounting methodologies, appropriate countermeasures are selected. Building upon this foundation, a carbon accounting-based mine safety protection framework is proposed. This research provides theoretical support and practical pathways for the green and low-carbon safety transformation of the mining industry.