Abstract: Driven by global sustainable development and low-carbon goals, the mining industry is facing significant opportunities and challenges in its green transformation. As the front-end of the mining value chain, the geological exploration industry is confronted with unprecedented pressure and development opportunities. The comprehensive integration of ESG （Environmental, Social, and Governance） concepts has profoundly changed the value orientation and organizational governance model of the geological exploration industry, and has also redefined the core logic of talent development. Against this backdrop, an in-depth exploration of the talent development strategy in the geological exploration industry is of far-reaching significance for the healthy and sustainable development of the industry. This study focuses on talent development strategies in the geological survey industry under the ESG framework, systematically analyzing the current talent structure and key challenges. The research reveals that under the background of green mining transformation, the industry’s talent system faces critical issues including singular professional structure, shortage of interdisciplinary talents, and outdated cultivation mechanisms, which fail to meet the requirements of ESG-oriented sustainable development. In response to the current status and existing problems of the talent system in the geological exploration industry, and facing the needs of industry transformation and green sustainable development, this paper constructs a talent development strategic framework comprising four core pathways: establishing an ESG-oriented job classification and competency standard system to define new talent specifications; designing multi-level mechanisms for cultivating interdisciplinary talents to systematically enhance ESG capabilities; developing performance evaluation and incentive mechanisms linked to ESG performance to guide behavioral change; and improving institutional safeguards and ecosystem construction to create a favorable environment. The study concludes that the geological survey industry should prioritize ESG talent development as a strategic focus, cultivating a professional talent team with environmental awareness, social responsibility, and governance capabilities through institutional innovation, resource integration, and cultural leadership, thereby providing solid talent support for the sustainable development of the mining industry.