Abstract: The Yanzhou Mining Area is the core region of a large coal base in western Shandong and holds significant strategic importance for the stable energy supply in East China. With increasing mining depth, rock burst has become the main dynamic hazard restricting the safe and efficient extraction of coal resources in this mining area. This study focuses on typical coal mines such as Dongtan, Baodian, Nanzhun, Xinglongzhuang, Ji-2, and Ji-3, systematically analyzing the correlation between geological and mining conditions and rock burst events, clarifying the main controlling factors, and classifying types of rock burst-prone mines. The applicability and limitations of existing monitoring and early warning technologies are summarized, and rock burst prevention and control technologies and development trends are reviewed. The study shows that stress environment and coal seam occurrence characteristics are common fundamental internal factors for rock bursts in the Yanzhou Mining Area, but the dominant triggers vary among different mines: Dongtan and Baodian mines are affected by the fracture of thick, hard roof strata; Nanzhun and Xinglongzhuang mines are mainly controlled by tectonic stress; Ji-2 and Ji-3 mines are primarily triggered by stress concentration in coal pillars. The thickness, lithology, and spatial relationship of key roof strata with coal seams significantly influence the mode of energy release. Based on this, rock bursts in mines are classified into three types: thick hard roof type, tectonic stress-controlled type, and coal pillar type. In terms of monitoring and early warning, methods such as microseismic monitoring, stress monitoring, and drilling cuttings analysis have achieved good results but also exhibit certain limitations: there is no unified theory or standard for microseismic energy and magnitude, leading to uncertainty in interpretations; coal seam stress monitoring lacks precision and has a high false alarm rate; the accuracy and applicability of the drilling cuttings method are limited. For prevention and control, a strategy of “regional source control combined with local pressure relief” is proposed: at the regional level, optimizing mining layout and mining protective layers can reduce stress concentration; at the local level, measures such as borehole pressure relief, deep-hole blasting, and coal seam water injection can release energy and reduce rock burst risks. However, timely and accurate evaluation methods for these control measures are still lacking, and their actual effectiveness is difficult to quantify. The research results provide theoretical basis and engineering practice support for rock burst prevention in the Yanzhou Mining Area and offer a reference for dynamic hazard prevention in deep mines under similar conditions.