Abstract: Napahai is a typical seasonal swamp wetland in low latitude and high altitude areas of Yunnan, and its formation and evolution are jointly controlled by geological tectonic activities and unique hydrogeological conditions in the southeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This paper analyzes the formation mechanism and degradation factors of Napahai wetland. The karst hydrological system of “above-ground lake-underground river” determines the seasonal hydrological characteristics; The reduction of wetland area is the result of the interaction of natural factors and human factors. Scientific management of grazing activities, restriction of agricultural planting activities, standardization of tourism development and implementation of ecological water replenishment projects are put forward to provide scientific basis for sustainable management of plateau wetlands.