Abstract: The new round of industrial revolution and technological revolution is accelerating the reshaping of the global mineral resource landscape. As the primary drivers of mining market development, mining companies play a vital role in resource exploration and exploitation, and are the most important link in the global mineral resource landscape. Studying the comprehensive competitiveness of leading global mining companies is of great significance for Chinese mining enterprises in developing strategic plans and participating in the global allocation of mineral resources. This paper adopts a survey-based approach and applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process（AHP） to analyze and compare extensive data gathered through the survey. It systematically examines the development trends of major global mining companies from the perspectives of capital market recognition, production performance, operational efficiency, and ESG（Environmental, Social, and Governance） implementation, ultimately evaluating their overall competitiveness. The key conclusions are as follows: ①only 31 major mining companies account for one-third of global mineral resource output. ②The capital market tends to favor new energy mining companies and integrated mining companies whose core commodities include copper, iron ore, and gold. ③Mining companies with larger asset scales and more diversified mineral portfolios exhibit greater operational stability. ④ESG performance has become a core strategic priority for the long-term survival and development of major mining companies. ⑤A comprehensive evaluation of the competitiveness of these 31 companies is conducted, resulting in final scores and rankings. BHP Group and Rio Tinto are currently the only two mining giants in the world, while four companies, Glencore, Zijin Mining, Vale, and Freeport-McMoRan, have entered the ranks of top mining companies. Twelve mining companies, including Newmont, Southern Copper, and Fortescue Metals, have entered the ranks of first-class large mining company. Thirteen mining companies, including Teck Resources, Maaden, and Shandong Gold Mining, are ordinary large mining companies.