Abstract: Mineral resources are a crucial material foundation for economic and social development, and their exploration and development are vital to national welfare, people’s livelihoods, and security. The transfer revenue system of mining rights as an important measure to safeguard the state’s ownership rights over mineral resources. In 2017, China initially established the transfer revenue system of mining rights. However, during its implementation, a series of issues emerged. In 2023, China further refined the system, making the collection methods more reasonable and better protecting both the state’s ownership rights and the legitimate interests of mining enterprises. After two years of practice, the system still faces challenges such as insufficient differentiation in revenue rates, inadequate incentives for comprehensive resource utilization, and gaps in institutional arrangements under the declaration-based system. Based on this, the following policy recommendations are proposed: establishing a dynamic adjustment mechanism for the transfer revenue system of mining rights, refining the revenue rates based on ore grade, mining methods, and other indicators to further improve the system design. Exploring practical measures to reduce fees for comprehensive mineral resource utilization, enhancing resource efficiency. Strengthening the collection management of transfer revenue of mining rights, improving the allocation and transfer of transfer revenue of mining rights, and gradually building a coordinated governance framework.