Abstract: Mining is an important pillar industry for the development of the national economy, and intelligent construction is an important measure to promote the safe development of mines and ensure the security of national energy resources. Mine data has gradually become the core production factor and driving force. The Mineral Resources Law of the People’s Republic of China promotes mine intelligence with legal enforcement and realizes safe and controllable data sharing through standardization. In addition, supporting rules need to be further refined for scenarios such as data ownership transactions and cross-border transmissions. Smart mine data governance is the core link in realizing the digital transformation of mines, but its advancement process faces multiple challenges such as vague rights and responsibilities, data islands, safety and compliance issues, and intellectual property risks. Therefore, it should adhere to the five core paths of “strategic orientation, data management, value realization, technology empowerment and property rights protection”. Build a smart mine data legal protection system, establish a “separation of powers” registration system to clarify ownership, determine responsibilities through data blood traceability technology, and design a hierarchical authorization mechanism to balance sharing efficiency and security needs. Collaboratively promote and improve the balanced governance mechanism of data islands from multiple perspectives such as technology and system, so that data can become the core competitiveness of mining enterprises. By building a digital twin of mines, formulating a negative list for cross-border flows of mine data, relying on the “Belt and Road” initiative to build a mine data supervision cooperation platform and cross-border emergency response mechanism, and strengthening the collaborative governance of cross-border flows of smart mine data. The use of large artificial intelligence models to empower the modernization of data governance capabilities not only ensures data security and public interests, but also effectively activates the value of data elements, conforming to the current policy guidance of mine intelligence and market-oriented reform of data elements.