Abstract: On November 8, 2024, the newly revised Mineral Resources Law of the People’s Republic of China was passed and come into affection July 1, 2025. This revision is the first comprehensive revision of the law since its promulgation in 1986, aimed at ensuring security of national mineral resources and promoting high-quality development of the mining industry. By analyzing the key provisions in the new Mineral Resources Law regarding the adjustment of mining rights period, separation of property rights and administrative licenses, regulations on mining land use, and competitive transfer, this paper elaborates on its strengthening of the protection of the rights and interests of mining rights holders and its promoting role in market-oriented allocation. At the same time, based on practical cases, analyze the challenges that the implementation of new regulations may face, and propose corresponding response strategies, providing theoretical support and practical reference for the healthy development of the mining industry under the new legal framework.