Abstract: The Anshan Coal Mine Area features distinct topographic undulations with shallow coal seams, where numerous historically abandoned small coal mines are distributed along the coal outcrop belt. These old mines, now shut down by authorities in accordance with the law, are primarily excavated along valley sides. The extent of their goafs and water accumulation conditions remain unclear, posing significant safety hazards to mining operations. To ensure safe production, ground transient electromagnetic surveys are employed to explore goafs within the main coal seam. This method successfully delineates water-rich anomalies. Verification via underground directional drilling confirms a high consistency between the anomalies identified by the electromagnetic survey and the actual distribution of the old goaf. The application of this technology provides a reliable technical safeguard for the mine’s safe production, effectively reducing the risk of water inrush accidents.