Abstract: In order to prevent water inrush accidents caused by the influence of mining on the overlying water rich area during underground mining, the developed fracture zone forms a water-conducting channel, which leads to the occurrence of water inrush accidents in the overlying water rich area. Based on this, underground observation and research on the development height of the “two zones” are carried out, and a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the safety of the working face and the overlying rich water area hazards are conducted. In the early stage, empirical formulas that meet the conditions of the Regulations for Coal Pillar Retention and Coal Mining in Buildings, Water Bodies, Railways, and Main Mines and Alleys are used indoors to calculate the water-conducting fracture zone, providing reference for drilling and actual measurement. During the process, numerical simulation software is used to establish physical and mechanical models and boundary conditions. Analysis is conducted on the development height and plastic stress failure mode of fracture zones at different advancing speeds of 20-140 m. The study shows that after the water-conducting fracture zone developed to a certain height after mining, it no longer increased with the advancing length of the working face and remained at a certain height; When the mining distance is short, the overall initial shape of the “two zones” is approximately trapezoidal. As the mining length gradually increases, under tension and gravity, the overall shape gradually changes from trapezoidal to saddle shaped. The plastic stress concentration failure zone is distributed in an inverted triangular shape in the upper part of the cutting eye and mining work area. During the underground measurement stage, drilling observation and drilling leakage observation are used to assess the development of the “two zones”. By comparing the measured leakage of 5.6 L/min as the discrimination basis, and fitting the average leakage curve of each measured hole, multiple methods are comprehensively analyzed to determine the maximum development height of the fracture zone, which is 42.3 meters. This provides reference data and reference basis for the maximum development height of the water-conducting fracture zone in the Shenmudian Tower area.