高瓦斯煤矿区煤层气三维水平井开采、定向集输与利用技术研究

    Study on three-dimensional horizontal well exploitation, directional gathering and transportation and utilization of coalbed methane in high gas mining areas

    • 摘要: 高含气煤矿区是煤层气资源的重要来源,开采高突矿区煤层气也是煤矿安全的重要保障。通常的开采方式主要采用地面钻井、开采与集输利用,但地面集输利用工序复杂、成本高,又存在集输利用的安全隐患,不利于在地形复杂地区建设煤层气处理设施与远距离集输利用,推广难度大,效益差。结合保德煤矿地形、采煤工作面与瓦斯发电厂等条件,设计了地面钻“勺形”井组的煤层气开采工艺,其中,两口三维水平井开采矿区工作面的煤层气,一口大位移定向井向矿井下回注煤层气及排采水,再通过煤矿区井下瓦斯抽放管道将煤层气输送到瓦斯发电厂,在同一矿区内形成开采与利用的闭环系统,整个工程施工便捷,大幅度节约投资,也提高了煤层气集输与利用的安全性,同时解决了地表的水污染问题。经研究与试验,形成了四项技术:①基于复杂结构煤层工作面,形成了浅层、大偏距的三维水平井导向钻井技术;②开发了多层夹矸的隔离墙的氮气前置穿层压裂技术,实现多分层煤层与夹矸互层垂向互通的裂缝网络;③提出了适应均匀采气的“四阶段采气”与“五参数控制”的排采工艺,初步达到了高含气矿区的采气目的;④建立了同井场三维水平井采气、大位移定向井回注气水与矿井下管道集输利用的的闭环系统。经保德煤矿现场试验,高含气矿区三维水平井煤层气开采、定向集输与利用技术可行,经济性与安全性均能满足高含气矿区煤层气开采需求。

       

      Abstract: High gas mining areas are crucial sources of coalbed methane (CBM) which is vital for mine safety. Conventional CBM production methods in high gas mining areas primarily involve surface drilling, exploitation, and transportation systems. However, these surface-based approaches face challenges including complex operations, high costs, and safety risks, which also hinder the construction of CBM processing facilities and long-distance transportation networks in rugged terrains, resulting in difficulties in widespread adoption and poor economic returns. Considering the geological conditions of Baode Coal Mine, including its mining faces and gas power plant facilities, a coalbed methane extraction process from ground-drilled spoon-shaped well group has been developed. This system includes two three-dimensional horizontal wells to extract gas from working faces, while a large-displacement directional well reinjects the extracted gas and production water into the mine shaft. The gas is then transported to the gas power plant via underground pipelines within the mining area, which forms a closed-loop system for extraction and utilization. This innovative approach ensures efficient construction, significantly reduces costs, enhances the safety of gas collection, transportation, and utilization, and solves the problem of surface water pollution. Through research and experimentation, four key technologies have been developed: ①a three-dimensional horizontal well guidance drilling technique is built for shallow, wide-offset wells in rock strata with multi-layered coal seams and interbedded gangue structures. ② A nitrogen piercing layer fracture technology is formed for isolation walls in multi-bedded gangue formations, creating vertical interconnected fracture networks between thin coal seams and interbedded gangue layers. ③ A four-stage gas extraction and five-parameter control gas production process is optimized for uniform gas production, achieving initial success in at high-gas mine faces. ④A closed-loop system is established for three-dimensional horizontal well producing gas in a well group, a large displacement directional well reinjecting gas and water while underground pipeline transportation and utilization. According to the field test of Baode Coal Mine, the three-dimensional horizontal well technology for coalbed methane exploitation, directional gathering and utilization in high gas mining areas is feasible, and the economy and safety can meet the demand of coalbed methane exploitation in high gas mining areas.

       

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