Abstract: The establishment of a risk assessment system for large buried deep coal mines is an important way to enhance the safety production level of mines. Based on the “4M” accident causation theory, combined with the typical characteristics of deep mining, this study selects 16 key safety evaluation indicators from four dimensions: employees, machinery and equipment, geological environment and management system. The analytic hierarchy process（AHP） is used to determine the index weights, and the safety management index（S_i） of each mine is calculated by combining the TOPSIS model, and the empirical analysis is carried out with the help of multi-mine data. The results show that the reliability of the support system, the coverage rate of monitoring and early warning and the ability to avoid emergency risk are the key factors affecting the safety of deep mining. Focusing on the above key factors, improvement measures are proposed from the perspectives of equipment reliability maintenance, geological adaptability monitoring, personnel emergency training and organization management.