Abstract: The typical “geological-ecological” interaction model of mining areas essentially represents a regular interrelationship formed by geological environment disturbances caused by mining activities and the ecosystem’s response. This model is prevalent in mine development and reflects the dynamic coupling process between the geological system and ecological elements. Its core lies in the chain process of “geological disturbance→ecological impact→cascading feedback”: mining activities first disturb the geological environment, subsequently leading to changes in the ecosystem, such as vegetation degradation, biodiversity decline, or hydrological cycle imbalance; these changes, through cascading reactions, feedback to the geological environment, forming complex interactive cycles, exacerbating environmental vulnerability and affecting regional ecological balance. Based on the mining survey data from the ecological restoration project of the Northeastern Forest Belt, this paper systematically studies and analyzes the main mineral resource distribution and the resulting mine ecological issues in Yanbian Prefecture, such as soil erosion, forest degradation, or habitat destruction of species. By quantitatively evaluating the intensity of disturbances and ecological response indicators, it summarizes the specific manifestations, driving mechanisms, and evolution patterns of the typical “geological-ecological” interaction model in this region, and proposes feasible ecological restoration models for abandoned mines and targeted suggestions, thereby effectively enhancing ecosystem service functions, including water source conservation, carbon sequestration capacity, and biodiversity maintenance, to support regional ecological recovery and sustainable development.