Abstract: Selenium is a dispersed element widely used in metallurgy, glass, chemical industry, electronics, agriculture and medicine and health. This paper discusses the distribution, production, consumption and price of global selenium resources, and analyzes the evolution characteristics of global selenium resource trade pattern by using a complex network method. The study found that although the global selenium resources industry is small, the global selenium production will maintain an average annual growth rate of about 6.0% from 2000 to 2024. The global major selenium producing countries have gradually changed from Japan, Belgium, Germany, Canada and other countries to China, Japan, Russia, Belgium, Finland and Canada, with the six countries accounting for 90.5% of the global output and China’s selenium production accounting for about 48.6% of the global total. The focus of selenium consumption is rapidly shifting from traditional metallurgical industries to emerging sectors such as glass, agriculture and healthcare, photovoltaic thin-film materials, semiconductors, infrared equipment, selenium-based batteries, and solid-state batteries, with the consumption structure moving toward “high-end and refined” applications. The global selenium trade volume has shown a fluctuating upward trend as a whole, and the concentration of major import and export countries is high. The major exporting countries globally include Belgium, Japan, Kazakhstan, Canada, South Korea, etc., while the main importing countries （regions） are Italy, China, Hong Kong, India, the United States, etc. The position of emerging selenium-producing countries such as Kazakhstan, Russia, and the Philippines in the global trade network will gradually improve, while the selenium trade status of Germany and the United Kingdom in the world and Europe will gradually decline. There are obvious regional characteristics in the global selenium trade community, which can be divided into Asian, European, American, and Australian communities as a whole, with high regional concentration within the communities. China should continue to consolidate its dominant position in the global selenium trade market, while strengthening the technological research and development of high-end selenium products, enhancing product added value, avoiding low price competition, and improving the stability and safety of the selenium resource supply chain through diversified resource allocation.