智能化趋势下的矿山设计思考与应用

    Reflections and applications on mine design under the trend of intelligence

    • 摘要: 矿山行业在历经人力、机械化与自动化的发展阶段后,虽为社会经济发展奠定了关键资源基础,但仍面临生产效率低下、资源集约化水平不足及安全风险居高不下等挑战。随着大数据、人工智能、5G等新一代信息技术的发展,智能化已成为推动矿山行业转型升级的重要路径。本文围绕智能化矿山设计方法展开研究,旨在探索以新一代信息技术为支撑的矿山设计新路径,解决传统矿山在生产效率、能源消耗与安全管理等方面的关键问题,推动矿山设计向智能化、高效化与本质安全化方向发展。本文提出在设计阶段采用设计单位主导、矿山企业协同的工作机制,以矿山工艺流程为核心开展系统性规划,融合智能传感、物联网、大数据分析及远程集中控制等技术,对矿山开拓、掘进、破碎、提升等关键环节实施智能化集成设计与改造。在银珠山铅锌银矿与土耳其某铜矿项目中进行了实践应用,研究结果表明:银珠山项目通过引入全断面硬岩掘进机施工开拓巷道,基建周期缩短约30%;土耳其铜矿项目建成了井下破碎装载与提升系统的智能化无人值守系统,实现作业人员减少50%、能耗降低15%、生产效率提升20%,并显著提升了系统安全性。研究验证了以智能技术为驱动、工艺为主线、协同为保障的矿山设计思路,能够有效解决矿山建设与生产过程中的关键难题,提升整体运行效率与安全水平。结论表明,智能化矿山设计应坚持工艺引领、技术赋能与协同共建原则,分阶段推进智能装备与系统平台的集成应用。本研究为同类矿山的智能化建设提供了可借鉴的技术路径与实践方案,对推动矿山行业实现高质量、可持续发展具有重要的理论价值与工程意义。

       

      Abstract: Although the mining industry has laid a key resource foundation for socioeconomic development through its evolution from manual to mechanized and automated phases, it still grapples with persistent challenges including low production efficiency, insufficient resource intensification, and elevated safety risks. With the advancement of new-generation information technologies like big data, artificial intelligence, and 5G, intelligence has become a significant pathway for promoting the transformation and upgrading of the mining industry. This paper focuses on intelligent mine design methods, aiming to explore new approaches supported by these technologies to address key issues in traditional mining, such as production efficiency, energy consumption, and safety management, thereby advancing mine design toward intelligence, high efficiency, and intrinsic safety. A collaborative mechanism led by design institutes with the participation of mining enterprises is proposed for the design phase. Centered on mining technological processes, systematic planning is conducted, integrating technologies such as smart sensors, the Internet of Things, big data analytics, and remote centralized control to implement intelligent integrated design and transformation of key mine processes including development, excavation, crushing, and hoisting. Practical applications in the Yinzhu Mountain Lead-Zinc-Silver Mine project and a copper mine project in Turkey demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. In the Yinzhu Mountain project, the adoption of full-face hard rock tunnel boring machines for development roadway construction reduced the infrastructure period by approximately 30%. In the copper mine project in Turkey, an intelligent unmanned system for underground crushing, loading, and hoisting is established, resulting in a 50% reduction in operational personnel, a 15% decrease in energy consumption, a 20% improvement in production efficiency, and a significant enhancement in system safety. The results demonstrate that the proposed mine design approach, driven by smart technologies, guided by technological processes, and supported by collaboration, can effectively address key challenges in mine construction and production, improving overall operational efficiency and safety levels. It is concluded that intelligent mine design should adhere to the principles of process leadership, technology enablement, and collaborative development, promoting the integrated application of smart equipment and system platforms in phases. This study provides a referential technical pathway and practical solution for the intelligent construction of similar mines, offering important theoretical and engineering significance for promoting high-quality and sustainable development in the mining industry.

       

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