Abstract: Canada stands as a pivotal global resource and production for critical minerals. Its strategic initiatives and mineral resource trends offer valuable insights for mining governance and policy-making in major nations worldwide. Through systematic analysis of Canadian mineral resource data and statistical studies, this research examines the country’s mineral endowment, supply conditions, strategic material prioritization, and resource strategy development. The findings reveal that Canada has strategically identified 34 critical minerals—including manganese, vanadium, nickel, tungsten, antimony, platinum group metals, lithium, and rare earth elements—by aligning domestic resource strengths with global demand. To bolster domestic mining industries, Canada has implemented comprehensive measures such as investment incentives, expanded exploration investments, infrastructure upgrades, overseas mining investments, and active bilateral/multilateral cooperation. These efforts collectively enhance the resilience and security of global mineral resource supply chains. In summary, the study provides eight actionable insights for global mining management and policy-making: ①establish flexible key mineral inventories aligned with national mineral resource endowments and strategic positioning, with regular updates to adapt to dynamic market conditions; ②implement tax incentives for mineral exploration to reduce corporate development costs; ③streamline approval procedures for critical mineral projects to accelerate resource development; ④foster innovation in processing technologies and strengthen domestic industrial chains; ⑤invest in mining infrastructure to unlock mineral potential; ⑥develop mature mining capital markets to support exploration and development; ⑦encourage enterprises to invest overseas and strengthen their global influence in the mining sector; ⑧collaborate with international partners to achieve complementary partnerships and mutual success.