Abstract: Helium（He） is a critical strategic rare resource closely related to national security and the development of high-tech industries. China has long relied on imports for helium supply, and the resource-security situation is severe. Therefore, identifying helium resources—especially high-helium and helium-rich resources—is of great and urgent significance to national resource security. Drawing on the achievements and experience of helium resource investigations in the Weihe Basin, Shanxi Province launched its first provincial helium survey in 2019. Based on extensive sampling and analyses, data compilation, and integrated geological assessment, geothermal well associated gases from the Jinzhong, Xinding, and Yuncheng-Linfen basins show generally high helium concentrations, with multiple wells exceeding 10% and a maximum of 18.86%. This value is far above the commonly cited industrial threshold（0.1%） for helium resources and represents an exceptionally helium-rich occurrence by global standards, indicating promising resource potential. Gas-well samples from petroleum and gas provinces show that natural gas from the Shixi Block in the northern part of the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin contains 0.02%-0.23% He（average 0.089%）, and some samples have potential utilization value. Coalbed methane samples from Jixian and Xiangning counties in the southern part of the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin contain 0.16%-0.21% He（average 0.18%）, indicating utilization value. One coalbed methane well in Pingyao County, Jinzhong Basin contains 0.16% He, meeting the industrial-grade requirement, whereas coalbed methane in the Qinshui Basin exhibits extremely low helium concentrations and is not economically viable. The survey indicates that helium-bearing intervals in Shanxi Province occur not only in the Cenozoic strata （as in the Weihe Basin） but more widely in Paleozoic gas-bearing strata comparable to those in the Ordos Basin; helium resource types include geothermal-water associated gas, coalbed methane, tight gas, and fractured limestone gas, and helium is predominantly crustal in origin. Bauxite strata are newly recognized as important helium source rocks, and a bauxite-type helium-rich reservoir model is proposed. Helium carriers include geothermal water, hydrocarbon gases, and nitrogen; geothermal wells generally show high helium concentrations, dissolved gas is widely distributed, and free gas is locally enriched. Overall, Shanxi Province exhibits favorable helium enrichment conditions, diverse resource types, broad distribution, and strong prospectivity. Future work should follow a helium-oriented investigation concept distinct from conventional oil and gas exploration, expand new domains to obtain incremental helium-rich resources, delineate helium resources in mature gas provinces, and simultaneously promote efficient security of high-helium/helium-rich resources and effective utilization of low-grade helium resources, thereby establishing a diversified helium resource supply pathway to support national strategic demands.