Abstract: To address dynamic pressure disasters induced by overburden instability under high-intensity mining, this study investigates the structural evolution and energy accumulation-release mechanisms within the Buertai Coal Mine of the Shendong Coal Group. By integrating theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field trials, the research reveals a significant nonlinear coupling between mining intensity and overburden energy evolution. Key findings indicate that a mining rate of 10 m/step serves as the critical threshold for the transition of energy distribution from a “diffuse state” to “localization”. Beyond this threshold, the energy gradient surges by 373%, accompanied by a topological reconstruction of energy transmission paths. This process locks high-energy accumulation zones within key strata blocks, triggering roof-cutting dynamic instability. Furthermore, the application of directional hydraulic fracturing effectively intercepts these high-energy topological paths, reducing the periodic weighting step from 16.4 m to 8.8 m （a 46.3% decrease）. Concurrently, peak support resistance decreases by 18.1%, and the frequency of resistance limit exceedance droppes by 77%. These results quantify the dynamic criteria for high-intensity mining and provide a theoretical foundation for pressure disaster mitigation under similar geological conditions.