Abstract: Considering the physical properties of potash minerals, such as low hardness, susceptibility to deliquescence, and strong solubility, the cutting form and pick arrangement of the spiral drum of the potash mining machine are redesigned and calculated by drawing on the cutting theory of coal mining machine. Through mechanical analysis, combined with factors such as the hardness and viscosity of potash ore, as well as the drum’s rotational speed, the force on the picks is verified, and the structural forms of the pick holder and pick are determined. Based on parameters such as drum diameter, cutting depth, spiral angle, and cutting line spacing, the required number of picks for the entire drum is calculated, and the arrangement and chip diagram of the picks are drawn. The strength and reliability of the pick system are verified through finite element analysis. The designed spiral drum performs well in practical applications, featuring low energy consumption, low dust, and stable operation, making it suitable for potash mining projects both domestically and internationally.