Abstract: The laboratory takes safety risk assessment and preventive measures as the core of empirical research, focusing on the particularity of safety management in university laboratories. By establishing a four-in-one management framework of “responsibility, education, inspection and rectification”, it will realize the grid-based allocation of responsibilities, regular implementation of education, standardized execution of inspections, and closed-loop promotion of rectification. Simultaneously, it implements specific measures such as dynamic hazard source identification and hierarchical control, multi-level risk prevention and control, and scientifically formulated emergency plans, while innovatively proposing a chemical laboratory safety governance path based on the PDCA cycle. This practice has formed a replicable and scalable paradigm for safety management in university laboratories. By integrating theoretical innovation with empirical cases, it provides dual support for the modernization of laboratory safety governance. It holds significant reference value for improving the university safety management system and enhancing the scientific level of risk prevention and control, offering an important reference for building a modern laboratory safety governance pattern characterized by “full participation, whole-process control, and comprehensive coverage”.