Abstract: This article reviews the process and security situation of oil and gas resources exploration.It points out several major institutional factors restricting the oil and gas exploration breakthrough in our country, and analyzes the positive significance of management system of oil and gas resources that our country has established on the promotion of oil and gas resources exploration.To make management system of oil and gas exploration better meet the requirements of market economy law and geological law, some advice is proposed, including further regulating the access threshold, restricting the management for quitting, and perfecting the management system of exploration blocks, to promote major breakthrough of oil and gas resources exploration, enhancing the securing capacity of energy&mineral resources so as to substantially reduce the external dependency.