Abstract: In this paper, the significance of coalmine enterprises' discriminating and cultivating core competitive ability is pointed out, in view of developing strategy, competitive advantage and sustainable development. Then the connotation of coalmine enterprises' core competitive ability is discussed that coalmine constructs and maintains the sustainable competitive advantage to get over profit, as well as its features. Finally the ways of coalmine enterprises' discriminating and cultivating core competitive ability are provided, including possession and control ability of coal resource, internal management mechanism and organizational structure, technological innovation ability and corporate culture construction.