Abstract: In recent years, petroleum security becomes vital nation issue. The up-Springing oil-crises influence national economy and the public lives. Oil consumption is one of the two aspects which decide the petroleum security.But the effect factors of oil consumption are numerous.This paper distill eight central factors which affect China’s oil consumption by use the predecessors’ literature for reference.It also take the characteristics of world soil market under the new situation into account.This paper exert gray theory and use the recent 10 years’ statistics data to analyses the factors.The result indicates the effect factors are oil price, urban per capita GDP ,coal consumption, private owned automobile quantity, oil production ,GDP,the proportion of the second and third industry,population in turn.This paper considers that efficiency of soil utilize should be improved.Energy conservation and consumption reduction should be bring into effect to reduce the oil consumption.