Abstract: Most old oilfields in Songliao basin have entered the last period of development and facing the difficulty of shortage of conventional oil reserve resources. So it is necessary to strengthen the oil and gas geological survey and look for the potential substitutable resource. The data which were published by the Ministry of Land and Resources of China in 2013, suggest that the Songliao basin has good geologic conditions for the formation of shale oil with great potential resource. Thus, it will be a main relay exploration domain of petroleum and natural gas resources in the future. Based on analyze the constraints of exploration and development of shale oil in Songliao basin, the paper puts forward the corresponding strategy, the resources investigation and evaluation and constituency are carried out rapidly by increasing investment; to achieve comprehensive development and utilization by strengthening research and demonstration pilot, introducing key technologies, deploying exploration and development projects, shale oil can be used as an important oil and gas resources.