Abstract: Surveyed the observation and description methods, physical testing means of pore and fractures for coal and rock, summarized operating principle, applicability, present application status for various methods. Density calculation can get porosity, mercury intrusion method,nitrogen absorption method,small-angle X-ray scattering,nuclear magnetic resonance can obtain porosity, pore size distribution, pore volume, specific surface area, etc. Transmission electron microscope fits to study supermicroporosity. Computerized tomography, acoustic emission and electromagnetic emission detection technique can explore coal and rock damage.