Abstract: With the shortage of conventional fossil fuels,hot dry rock as a clean,renewable geothermal energy resource,in line with the needs of modern industrial society,and the characteristics and exploitation study of hot dry rock resources has become a new focus of energy development and research.In this paper,the characteristics of hot dry rock resources in China and the United States,the important effects of rock fractures on heat transfer process are discussed,and the advancement of the methods optimizing drilling distributions,estimation of geothermal drilling costs,high temperature geothermal drilling techniques,and the utilization of hot dry rock geothermal resources.Based on the characteristics of the hot dry rock resources,and exploitation and utilization status of China,it is recommended that researches on the formation features of hot dry rocks,exploitation conditions,fracturing and connecting technologies and advanced drilling equipment should be paid highly attention.