Abstract: According to the theories of the dynamics of explosion, fluid mechanics, explosion mechanics and structural mechanics, this paper sets up the physical and mathematical models of shock wave propagation in the excavation roadway. Propagating at a supersonic speed after explosion, the pressure of shock wave front will degenerate to the atmospheric pressure gradually. Basically, the degree of pressure degeneration in the shock wave front is not only decided by the tunnel section but also by the roughness of the tunnel surface. Some parts of wave energy are consumed in such an irreversible loss as heating the air, and some are in the course of friction with the tunnel surface while the shock wave moves along the horizontal tunnel. While the shock wave reacts on the surroundings in different distances, the degree of damage differs widely. It is a very complicated problem that is not only related to the shock wave interaction, but also to the shape, size and natural frequency of the ventilation structure. These findings of the research have led to the conclusion that the unnecessary structures and obstacles should be moved in case of accelerating the shock wave to destroy the useful structures. Most important of all, measures should be taken to prevent the advantageous structures and workers from more serious damage.