Abstract: With the concept of sustainable development dearest to the human hearts, mineral resources consolidation has become a strategic option of many countries, especially developing countries for sustained development of the mining industry. Columbia is a major coal producer in North America,and has been successful over the last two decades in articulation and implementation of effective policy and regulations for legalizing its small coal mines. This paper conducts an analysis ofColumbia’s case in an attempt to provide valuable experience and lessons forChina’s coal resources consolidation.WT