Abstract: The institution of property rights is a prerequisite for achieving the optimal allocation of mineral resources.Therefore,to practically enforce the state property ownership of mineral resources and definite the legitimate interests of mineral resource users,the fundamental construction of property relations concerning the compensation of mineral resources should be accelerated and strengthened,so as to ultimately maximize the utility of resources between generations.By analyzing the current status of mineral resources property rights system in China,put forward to improve legislation of mineral resource property rights,specify the trade system of the use of mineral resources,perfect the mineral resources development and utilization of national regulatory system and so on,thus laying solid foundation of mineral resources property rights,guarantee the interests of present and future generations of mineral resources development and utilization.