Abstract: In this paper,using the methods of chemical analysis,XRD,SEM and so on to do research into Mineralogical characteristics of rapid cooling copper slag.The results show that the content of copper and iron were 0.8%and 40%respectively,the content of the harmful elements such as lead,zinc and arsenic is less.Copper is mainly exist in matte phase of CuS and Cu,mixed with a small amount of O,Pb,Fe and other elements at the same time,the average particle size of less than 5μm.Iron is mainly exist in the form of difficult to restore and low melting point fayalite.Copper and iron in slag disseminated fine and grain size distribution,each wrapped in a variety of dense structure minerals.Copper slag melting initial temperature at 1200℃,after 1250℃ melting speed,around 1300℃ finished basic copper slag melting,and crystal transformation happened in the process of heating.94.43 percent TFe of the grain for iron is obtained through the study of the reduction of copper slag pellets containing carbon reduction modification-high temperature melting and separation.on this basis,together with the present situation of direct reduction technology application,and proposed technological process that using the method of carbon-containing pellets to make the copper slag reduction pretreatment,and destroy iron olivine structure,promote the iron grain grew up aggregation.Finally by adopting the method of high temperature melting and separation to recycle valuable metals,tailings for building materials.