Abstract: In this paper,an example of the Hongshaquan pit coal mining area,analysis and assessment of the different distance heavy metals in soils of the gangue piling sites.Analyzing heavy metals including Zn,Cu,Cr,Hg,As and Pb,this study using multivariate statistical analysis,principal component analysis,pollution assessment and based on the laboratory analysis on the soil samples collected from study site.The results showed that:Soil heavy metal contents of Cr and As were higher than the regional background value 2.15 and 2.31 times and higher than the second grade national standard of soil environment quality standard (GB15618-1995)1.74 and 2.31times;Hg higher than the regional background and lower than the soil environment quality standard.The amount of soil heavy metal contents were in the order as Cr>Zn>As>Cu>Pb>Hg;From the relativity of heavy metals in soil was found that,significant relationship between Zn and Cu in P<0.01 level,and it was comes from the soil parent material.Factor 2 component Cr and As,and it was comes from the human factor.Significant relationship between Hg and Pb in P < 0.01 level,and it was comes from the gangue piling site.From the distribution of the heavy metals in different distance can be seen,Zn and Cu distributed uniformly,along with variation of the distance Cr and As haven’t any regularly distributed,influence region of gangue piling sites on Hg and Pb in soil 50 - 350 m.Evaluation results based on the pollution index indicated that soils were severely and slightly polluted by Cr,Hg,As and Zn,Cu,Pb.