Abstract: This paper focuses on the contents of safety atmosphere and the miners’ safety behavior,by means of literature analysis and quantitative analysis,identify safety atmosphere and the miners’ safety behavior which includes safety attitude,co-workers and managers attention behavior,safety supervision,security policy,security education,the working environment,comply with the safety behavior and safety involved in behaviors of nine latent variables.Through a lot of data collection and the using of the multivariate statistical analysis tools and structural equation model,building the model of security atmosphere structure and the miners’ safety behavior,and revealing the mechanism of the model.From the perspective of improving safety atmosphere,put forward new ways to improve the miners' safety behavior,so as to enhance the level of coal mine safety production.