Abstract: The exploration and development of shale gas ushered in the golden age.The Ministry of Land and Resources determined a series of plans and policies of its exploration and development and has completed two shale gas' bidding.However,the government involved less on environmental problems in the process of exploration and development.This article discusses the water consumption of hydraulic fracturing,the contamination of groundwater by toxic and harmful elements existing in fracturing and drilling fluid,shale gas leakage,seismogenic and so on,puts forward China shale gas exploration and development should improve fracturing technology and develop waterless fracturing,give priority to shale gas reserves block with abundant resources of water,and be badly in need of establishment of supervision mechanism and the corresponding laws and regulations on environmental and ecological problems in the process of shale gas exploration and development,make the shale gas to be a real environment-friendly gas.