Abstract: At present,the development of corporate social responsibility is not balanced around the world.Through the comparative study of awareness of corporate social responsibility in major mineral resource-rich countries,we found that,affected by factors such as level of economic development,developed degree in mining industry,institutional constraints,various international organizations and non-governmental organizations,etc,there are obvious differences between developed countries,developing and transition countries.The important issues of shared concern in different countries are not the same.Many countries,including Canada and other developed countries,have legislated on corporate social responsibility in mining,which is risen to legal level.We suggest that China's "going out" mining companies implement corporate social responsibility practices targetedly which meet the needs of the host countries,for the highest corporate reputation at the lowest cost.