Abstract: With the development of economy and society, the output of coal is increasing. As a result, the impact of coal resources exploitation on national ecology will be more serious. In China, the research of eco-compensation has transformed from economical and ecological aspects to public policy. Ecological compensation of coal exploitation is not only compensation for the degeneration of national ecology, but also for the denizen in mining areas. Preventing first, destroyer paying, and people oriented are the principles of eco-compensation in coal industry. The ultimately aim of eco-compensation is to harmonize human with nature.