Abstract: In this paper comparison and analysis have been made on typical modes of operation and process between the China domestic and international mineral exploration in order to define the differences, and points out that the major obstacle for promoting market-oriented operation of mineral exploration in China is the lack of market players; Suggestions are given to the Chinese state-owned mineral exploration offshore geological exploration units to build up their overseas investment strategy and routes by combining the international practices of mineral exploration with its own characteristics and strengths; Meanwhile, from the China national level, it is urgently vital to set up mineral exploration "going abroad" policy system and to improve the market operation system of the state-owned geological prospecting enterprises.