Abstract: This article starts from the global distribution of coal resources,and sums up the history of global coal exploitation and divides the history into four stages.By analyzing the main global coal producer and consumer countries in the year 2012,this article combs the current situation of the coal supply-demand and trade,based on which this article makes an analysis and outlook for the global coal supply-demand structure in the future.As a conclusion,this paper points out that coal will be the primary energy in the future,and the world's coal market will globalize gradually from the two coal trade circles now.Therefore,it has important strategic significance to understand the current situation and to prepare to deal with changes in global trade structure in advance.