Abstract: South America is another important area after domestic mining companies going to Asia,Oceania and Africa.Author analyzes distribution characteristics of South American mineral resources,investment climate of exploration and development and development situation;summarizes achievements that our mineral resources have obtained in exploration and development,mine construction,mining industry merger and acquisition in South America,and fruits of prospecting mode,operation method,association construction and talent cultivation,preliminarily frame the strategic target and location,strategic deployment and implementation of exploration and development of South American mineral resources,and gives suggestion on how to effectively avoid investment risks from politics,law,finance and strategic decisionmaking.