Abstract: Mine ecological industrial chain is the most direct and most important component of mine ecological and economic systems. It's structure is the key factors to decide the stability and sustainability of entire mine ecological and economic system. The formation mechanism of the industrial chain was analysised. To continually gain competitive advantage, the enterprises in industry chain will lead to and neglect resources risks, technical risks, economic risks, policy risks. On this basis, Keystone species theory principles, Niche theory principles,symbiotic cycle theory principles, the food chain and food webs theory principles are raised to reduce extension risk and strengthen the industrial chain flexibility.