Abstract: The implementation of the strategy "One Belt and One Road" for cooperation between China and Tajikistan provides a new historic opportunity. Starting from mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation, we comprehensively analyze Tajikistan's resources, industry, infrastructure, investment environment and proposed China and Tajikistan cooperation conception sub-regionally. Cooperation between China and Tajikistan should start with mutually beneficial resource cooperation, then promote comprehensive strategic cooperation. The Dushanbe、Khujand and Kurgan-tube areas should be the key investment areas; cooperation between China and Tajikistan should promote economic development in eastern Tajikistan and create an environment for "big channel". The main areas of cooperation and key layout are electricity, roads, railways, pipelines and other infrastructure; mineral resources such as coal, gold, rock salt and related industry cooperation. Tajikistan has a strong will to develop the economy, though its infrastructure is very poor, the economic development level is backward and the level of development of the mining industry and related industries is low. The country has rich resources and a great mining potential. Tajikistan is adjacent to the Sixth China Economic Zone-Kashi, and can provide resources for the Kashi economic zone. China transfers technical advantages of the manufacturing industry from east to Kashi, which can provide Tajikistan with the industrial products it needs. In this way, the two countries can be complementary. Last, we point out cooperation between China and Tajikistan not only conforms to the fundamental interests of both groups, but can jointly maintain harmony and stability across Central Asia.