Abstract: Since the Global Financial Crisis, major changes have been taking place in the structure of the international economy. The trend of going abroad to carry out overseas mineral exploration and development has been growing forChina's enterprises. AsChina's outbound mining investment increasing and the internationalization of mining industry accelerating year after year,China's privatesector's outbound direct investment and M&A also have been rising rapidly in mineral resources industry. Owning to outdated Overseas Investment Management System (OIMS), policies and internal and external business environment constraints, there still exist many problems, difficulties and obstacles relating to investment project approval, investment & finance and internationalization of the privatesector's business operations. This paper analyzes current development conditions, trends, characteristics of patterns as well as existing problems ofChina's PrivateSector's Overseas Investment in Mineral Resources Industry and puts forward some suggestions for supporting private enterprises to "go abroad", explore the "two kinds of resources" and develop the "two markets".