Abstract: Structure adjustment is one of the core tasks of mineral resources planning and management.In this paper,the characteristics and temporal variation of China's mining structure were summarized.Concerning on 12 important mine types,it took ratio model and elastic model to measure the coordination degree of exploitation-reserve structure and value the economic and social effect of mining structure adjustment.Results showed that the exploitation structure of solid minerals was unreasonable,the crucial reason of which is resource reserve.For most mine types,the exploitation structure was uncoordinated with reserve structure,while the economic and social benefits of mining structure adjustment were still not satisfying.Therefore,it’s necessary to continue optimizing mining structure,especially to rare earths,antimony,lead and zinc resources.Finally,suggestions were put forward to promote mining industry transformation,including setting and implementing admittance qualification and minimum scale of exploitation,promoting mine integration further and planning small mines to develop orderly.