Abstract: Economic globalization, having profound effects on the development of China’s mineral resources industry, is a significant factor to optimize the development strategy and countermeasure of China’s mineral resources industry. With a precursor of technological globalization, a band of global market and a crucial impetus of multinational corporations, economic globalization realizes China’s worldwide mineral resources allocation, transforms China’s mineral resources development mode from unsustainable one to sustainable one, however brings China’s mineral resources industry fierce competitive pressure and eco-environmental challenge. So, some countermeasures should be taken by mineral resources industry in China: making full use of the foreign markets to ensure the security of mineral resources supply, strengthening the consciousness and ability of ecological environment protection in mineral resources development, emphasizing scientifically evaluate and actively avoid the risk of international investment in mineral resources based on market research of mineral resources, besides optimizing the structure of regions importing mineral resources to reduce the trade risk.