Abstract: The Xuanlong iron ore deposit in Hebei Province is a very important sedimentary iron ore in China.Knowing it's geological characteristics can provide solutions for mining problems.This article analyze its geological background,the iron layers in Chuanlinggou Formation and its geological age,and consider of the structure of ooid hematite and stromatolite hematite,geochemistry,their sedimentary settings.It demonstrated that the Xuanlong iron ore deposited in the shoreface of barrier island condition.Xuanlong iron ore should be related to the iron bacteria and blue bacteria,the Fe²⁺ came from the deep sea.There is a closed relationship between the mining problems and the geological characteristics of the iron ore deposit.The mining problems include mining point dispersion,low economic benefits,low rate of percentage recovery iron resources and poor environmental protection.