Abstract: China and Japan belong to the civil law countries, so analysis of the latest revision ofJapan’s "Mining Law" is an important reference to the revision ofChina’s "Mineral Resources Law". This paper, through the use of literature and comparative research methods, analyses theJapan’s "Mining Law" Amendment context and direction. TheJapan’s latest "Mining Law" amendment revised the existing "Mining Law" for large-scale, completely changed the mining permit system and application system, and stipulated the regulatory system for resource exploration for the first time.Japan’s "Mining Law" amendment will increase the efficiency of its mineral resources exploitation and utilization, and will strengthen the protection of its marine resources, which is beneficial to the revision ofChina’s "Mineral Resources Law".