Abstract: Based on the conditions that air pollution is serious and coal is main energy in our country，this paper through the panel unit root test，panel cointegration test and model estimation conducted the research on the relationship between the coal consumption and the air pollution of China’s eastern，central and western from 2003 to 2014.The results showed that：the coal consumption bringing about the emissions intensity of air pollution was various，the emission intensity of smoke dust was the biggest，followed by the exhaust gas and the emission intensity of the sulfur dioxide was the smallest；the emissions intensity of the same pollution gas in different regions was also various，emissions intensity of the sulfur dioxide and smoke dust was relatively large in the eastern，which coincides with the haze in the eastern region was more serious in recent years.