Abstract: The paper contrasts the situation of China to other countries and brings forward the development goals of primary energy in China on the base of utilization structure, proven reserve and potential of primary energy (oil, gas, coal, water and electricity, nuclear energy) and according to the latest research results. The goals are enhancing the use of gas, nuclear energy, water and electricity, reducing the dependence on coal. The goals of adjusting the utilization structure should be establishing the security system of supplying energy, decreasing the dependence on the key energy, reducing the risk, perfecting the management of energy and realizing centralized and consolidated management of energy.